The problem of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere is relevant due to the negative impact on human health (increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, asthma, and bronchitis), air quality (smog formation, reduced visibility), and ecosystems in general (acid rain, soil and water pollution). An analysis of current regulatory requirements (GOSTs, draft laws, orders, and local federal regulations of the Russian Federation) for the level of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere for newly designed steam boilers has been conducted.

The main technical solutions and methods of their implementation are described using the example of steam boilers, which ensure the reduction of emissions to the required values. A comparison of the main in-furnace measures affecting the characteristics of the active combustion zone and, accordingly, the values of pollutant emissions is provided. Graphical dependencies of the formation of nitrogen oxides in the furnace chamber on the arrangement of burner devices and the furnace itself are provided.

The article examines current (problematic) aspects, the emergence of collective relationships among first-year students during their initial, adaptive stay in an educational institution. The entry of a freshman into primary professional socialized activity is a new social experience, where the adept will have to face a new educational system, with a large amount of academic workload, and be able to join a new team. First-year students of two Nizhny Novgorod universities took part in the methodological study: (NNGASU, VSUVT), where, using an anonymous questionnaire, they could express their subjective opinion about the most vital moments of the adaptation period. 

In the adaptive period of learning, socially significant interests are the dynamic processes of structuring collective relationships in the study group, which affect mental health, stress, and academic performance.

Currently, global processes are characterized by rapid changes caused by technological progress and the transformation of the labor market. Under these conditions, the traditional educational model, primarily focused on transmitting subject-specific knowledge (Hard Skills), proves insufficient. A central role is played by the so-called «flexible skills» or Soft Skills – transversal competencies responsible for successful interaction, effective thinking, and adaptation to new challenges. Soft Skills development emerges as one of the key objectives of modern education at all its levels.

In the context of the modernization of Russian education and the implementation of the objectives set by the Federal State Educational Standards of Secondary Vocational Education (FSES SVE), the importance of students’ professional and personal self-realization increases significantly.

The article analyzes the conditions contributing to this process through the systematic use of monitoring as a key tool for managing the quality of the educational environment.

Monitoring is considered not only as a means of assessing academic success but also as a pedagogical support element for the development of the student as a subject of professional self-determination. The necessity of creating individual educational trajectories and enhancing reflexive and motivational components of educational activities is emphasized. Specific pedagogical practices and monitoring formats influencing the personal growth of SVE students are examined. It is concluded that monitoring can become an integrative mechanism for supporting professional development if it is built in the logic of support rather than administrative control.

Pedagogical views are a set of ideas, worldviews and approaches shared by a person (usually a teacher, philosopher or scientist) about upbringing, teaching and education, in other words, this is a person’s comprehension of teaching and upbringing.

In pedagogical views, the cognitive-linguistic (mental linguistic) approach is distinguished by its versatility and complexity. This approach will be combined with the tasks of modern humanitarian pedagogy as mental linguistic factors.

Mental linguistic factors include situations and phenomena related to the national consciousness of a people or nation. Mental linguistic factors originate from cognitive linguistics.

There is a rapid development of various types of financial assets in the modern world. For a long time, there was only a cash form of money, a couple of decades ago, non–cash money entered our lives, and now the introduction of a third form of money, digital money, is just around the corner. However, their introduction contains many dangers and challenges. Cyberattacks are one of these challenges. Every year, a huge number of crimes in the field of information security occur in the world, crimes related to cryptocurrencies are among the loudest and most widespread. The purpose of the article is to create a forecast of damage from cyberattacks on crypto exchanges using mathematical models.

An analysis of cybercrimes regarding their total damage will be carried out. Of course, an absolutely complete analysis of cyberattacks on crypto exchanges is impossible, since not all attacks on crypto exchanges have been made public in order to avoid reputational losses, but the largest and most extensive ones are certainly known and will be discussed in this article.

Central bank digital currencies, which have both similarities and differences with cryptocurrencies, have become a new word in finance. The main thing is that both assets operate on the basis of a distributed registry and have common cybersecurity issues.